Fit for Purpose? Exploring the Role of Freedom of Information Laws and Their Application for Watchdog Journalism

Despite great volume of research into press–state relations, we know little about how journalists use information that has been generated through independent bureaucratic processes. The present study addresses this gap by investigating the role freedom (FOI) laws in journalism practice. By surveying ( n = 164), interviewing activists and civil servants 7) submitting FOI requests to twenty-one ministerial departments United Kingdom, explores press-state interactions limits Freedom Information Act (FOIA) application advance media’s monitorial function. results show perceive FOIA as an essential tool for their work. However, they often described experience negative. They reported refusals lacking legal ground, delays, not responding at all or differential treatment. In response gating access, might also adopt tactics loopholes law. interactions, already marked suspicion, thus, continue perpetuate distrust. These findings have implications practices, FOIAs’ potential government oversight democracy. particular, treatment undermines equality under law, one fundamental democratic principles. concludes with several policy recommendations reform meet journalists’ needs better.